# Types Of Officeholders > Officeholders under a Power of Attorney Source: https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders · Updated 28 January 2023 - [Essential officeholders include the **principal** and **agents**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#essential-officeholders-include-the-principal-and-agents) - [Common officeholders include **successor agents** and **sub-agents**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#common-officeholders-include-successor-agents-and-sub-agents) - [In some of the Six (6) Greater States the principal may appoint a **protector or monitor**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#in-some-of-the-six-6-greater-states-the-principal-may-appoint-a-protector-or-monitor) - [**REFERENCES**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#references) - [California](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#california) - [Texas](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#texas) - [New York](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#new-york) - [Florida](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#florida) - [Illinois](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#illinois) - [Pennsylvania](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#pennsylvania) ## Essential Officeholders Include The Principal And Agents [Officeholders](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#types-of-officeholders) under a *Power of Attorney* include:- - a [**principal**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/principal#the-principal-is-the-entity-that-makes-the-power-of-attorney) - an [**agent**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) appointed by the [principal](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/principal#the-principal-is-the-entity-that-makes-the-power-of-attorney) - a [**successor agent**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) who replaces an [agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) - a [**sub-agent**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#original-or-successor-agent-may-appoint-sub-agent) appointed by an [agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) or [successor agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) - a [**protector**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/protector#protector-ca-tx-il-pa) with authority to "designate" or " appoint" [successor agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) - a [**monitor**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/monitor#in-new-york-a-principal-may-appoint-a-monitor) in **New York**, with audit powers The two (2) essential classes of [officeholder](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#types-of-officeholders) under a *Power of Attorney* are:- - a ‘[**principal**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/principal#the-principal-is-the-entity-that-makes-the-power-of-attorney)' being a [legal entity](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/terms#meaning-of-legal-entity) who is appointing an [agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) or [agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) under the *Power of Attorney* - an ‘[**agent**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal)’ being a [legal entity](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/terms#meaning-of-legal-entity) appointed by the [principal](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/principal#the-principal-is-the-entity-that-makes-the-power-of-attorney) to act on their behalf in performing the [tasks](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/whatcanagentdo#there-are-lots-of-examples-of-commercial-tasks) that the [agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) is authorized to perform under the *Power of Attorney* ## **Common Officeholders Include Successor Agents And Sub-Agents** Non-essential classes of [officeholder](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#types-of-officeholders) under a *Power of Attorney* include:- - **a '**[**successor agent**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible)**'** being a [legal entity](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/terms#meaning-of-legal-entity) appointed to replace an [agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) who is [ineligible](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/terms#meaning-of-ineligible) (permitted in all of the [Six (6) Greater States](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introduction#ca-tx-ny-fl-il-and-pa)) - **a ‘**[**sub-agent**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#original-or-successor-agent-may-appoint-sub-agent)**’** being a [legal entity](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/terms#meaning-of-legal-entity) to whom authority is delegated by an [agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) or [successor agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) (appointment of a [sub-agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#original-or-successor-agent-may-appoint-sub-agent) is prohibited in **Florida**[^1]) ## **In Some Of The Six (6) Greater States The Principal May Appoint A Protector Or Monitor** There are other classes of non-essential [officeholders](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introotherofficeholders#types-of-officeholders) who may be identified in a *Power of Attorney* for a [person](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/terms#meaning-of-person-ie-natural-person)[^2] under the [legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) of the [Six (6) Greater States](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/introduction#ca-tx-ny-fl-il-and-pa), including:- - a ‘[**protector**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/protector#protector-ca-tx-il-pa)' who may designate [successor agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) in **California**, **Texas**, **Illinois** and appoint [successor agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) in **Pennsylvania** - a [**monitor**](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/monitor#in-new-york-a-principal-may-appoint-a-monitor) in **New York**, being a person who has authority to request [records](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/recordkeeping#any-list-of-relevant-records-is-substantial) from an [agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) and inspect those [records](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/recordkeeping#any-list-of-relevant-records-is-substantial) ## SOME HANDY REFERENCES These references are to [legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) that applies to *Powers of Attorney* for persons.[^3] ### California In **California**, the term ‘alternate agent’ appears to be preferred in [legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) over the term [successor agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) (see [§4014](https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/probate-code/prob-sect-4014.html)). [§4205](https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/probate-code/prob-sect-4205.html) provides for the appointment of [sub-agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#original-or-successor-agent-may-appoint-sub-agent) to perform *“mechanical acts”.* A person may appoint “*another person*” as a [protector](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/protector#protector-ca-tx-il-pa) including someone identified by office or function: [§4203](https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/probate-code/prob-sect-4203.html)*.* ### Texas [Legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) in respect of [durable](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/typescommonlyusedpersons#a-durable-power-of-attorney-operates-if-the-principal-lacks-or-may-lack-capacity) *Powers of Attorney* recognizes the right of a [principal](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/principal#the-principal-is-the-entity-that-makes-the-power-of-attorney) to appoint [agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal), [successor agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) and [sub-agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#original-or-successor-agent-may-appoint-sub-agent) (see [§751.031(b)(5)](https://codes.findlaw.com/tx/estates-code/est-sect-751-031.html) dealing with [sub-agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#original-or-successor-agent-may-appoint-sub-agent)). [Legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) in respect of [durable](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/typescommonlyusedpersons#a-durable-power-of-attorney-operates-if-the-principal-lacks-or-may-lack-capacity) *Powers of Attorney* recognizes that an “agent” or “person” may be appointed as a [protector](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/protector#protector-ca-tx-il-pa), including an “agent” or “person” identified by office or function [§751.023(b)](https://codes.findlaw.com/tx/estates-code/est-sect-751-023.html). ### New York In **New York**, a [principal](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/principal#the-principal-is-the-entity-that-makes-the-power-of-attorney) may identify a [monitor](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/monitor#in-new-york-a-principal-may-appoint-a-monitor) ([§5-1509](https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GOB/5-1509)). [Legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) does not provide for the appointment of a [protector](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/protector#protector-ca-tx-il-pa). [Legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) does not address the right to appoint a [sub-agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#original-or-successor-agent-may-appoint-sub-agent) directly, although the entitlement to appoint a [sub-agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#original-or-successor-agent-may-appoint-sub-agent) is recognized in the [government form](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/governmentforms#government-forms-in-ca-tx-ny-il) ([§1513](https://codes.findlaw.com/ny/general-obligations-law/gob-sect-5-1513.html)) which offers the [principal](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/principal#the-principal-is-the-entity-that-makes-the-power-of-attorney) to tick to accept this statement and insert names: "*..full and unqualified authority to my agent(s) to delegate any or all of the foregoing powers to any person or persons whom my agent(s) select..*" ### Florida In **Florida**, there are exceptionally limited rights to delegate authority under [709.2114(1)(b)](https://codes.findlaw.com/fl/title-xl-real-and-personal-property/fl-st-sect-709-2114.html) and accordingly, the term ‘[sub-agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#an-original-agent-or-successor-agent-may-be-authorized-to-appoint-sub-agents)’ may be of little if any relevance. A [protector](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/protector#protector-ca-tx-il-pa) cannot be appointed. ### Illinois With respect to [sub-agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#an-original-agent-or-successor-agent-may-be-authorized-to-appoint-sub-agents), [legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) does not address the right to appoint a [sub-agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#an-original-agent-or-successor-agent-may-be-authorized-to-appoint-sub-agents) directly, although the following appears in the [government form](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/governmentforms#government-forms-in-ca-tx-ny-il) [§3-3](https://codes.findlaw.com/il/chapter-755-estates/il-st-sect-755-45-3-3.html) which must be struck out to defeat its effect:- "*If you want to give your agent the right to delegate discretionary decision-making powers to others, you should keep paragraph 4, otherwise it should be struck out..*" The [principal](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/principal#the-principal-is-the-entity-that-makes-the-power-of-attorney) may appoint a “person” may as a [protector](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/protector#protector-ca-tx-il-pa) including someone identified by office or function [§2-10.3](https://codes.findlaw.com/il/chapter-755-estates/il-st-sect-755-45-2-10-3.html) In **Illinois**, only one [agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-original-agent-is-first-appointed) may be appointed if a [government form](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/governmentforms#government-forms-in-ca-tx-ny-il) is used to [create](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/creation/create#terms-like-create-or-make-a-power-of-attorney-have-various-meanings) a *Power of Attorney* (although multiple [successor agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) may be appointed)*:*[§2-10.5](https://codes.findlaw.com/il/chapter-755-estates/il-st-sect-755-45-2-10-5.html) ### Pennsylvania [Sub-agents](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/subagents#an-original-agent-or-successor-agent-may-be-authorized-to-appoint-sub-agents) may be appointed if authorized in the *Power of Attorney*: [§5601.4 (a)(5)](https://codes.findlaw.com/pa/title-20-pacsa-decedents-estates-and-fiduciaries/pa-csa-sect-20-5601-4.html). The [principal](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/principal#the-principal-is-the-entity-that-makes-the-power-of-attorney) may appoint an [agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/agentswhatisagent#an-agent-is-an-entity-appointed-by-the-principal-to-represent-and-bind-the-principal) or a [successor agent](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/successoragents#a-successor-agent-replaces-an-original-agent-who-is-ineligible) as a [protector](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/protector#protector-ca-tx-il-pa): [§5602(b)](https://codes.findlaw.com/pa/title-20-pacsa-decedents-estates-and-fiduciaries/pa-csa-sect-20-5602.html) [§5602](https://codes.findlaw.com/pa/title-20-pacsa-decedents-estates-and-fiduciaries/pa-csa-sect-20-5602.html) speaks of “*the delegation to an original or successor agent of the power to appoint his successor or successors*". [^1]: See [§709.2114(b)](https://codes.findlaw.com/fl/title-xl-real-and-personal-property/fl-st-sect-709-2114.html) noting this prohibition does not apply in respect of *Powers of Attorney* excluded from the ambit of the [legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) - [click here](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#exclusions) to read more. [^2]: Being not a *Power of Attorney* excluded from the ambit of the [legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) - [click here](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#exclusions) to read more. [^3]: Being not *Powers of Attorney* excluded from the ambit of the [legislation](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#the-legislation-governs-powers-of-attorney-for-persons) - [click here](https://wiki.powersofattorney.com/legislation#exclusions) to read more.